An OSCE case involving a 4-year-old boy with a painful limp, fever, and limited movement in a red, swollen hip—raising suspicion for septic arthritis. Candidates must discuss differential diagnoses (e.g. transient synovitis, Perthes disease, trauma), appropriate investigations (X-ray, ultrasound, aspirate, bloods), and management steps including urgent orthopaedic review and antibiotics. The scenario also contrasts an adult case with a swollen knee to assess procedural understanding of knee aspiration and awareness of differing causative organisms by age.
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